E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Flora of British Columbia

Lithospermum ruderale Douglas ex Lehm.
lemonweed (Columbia gromwell; western stoneseed)
Boraginaceae (Borage family)

Introduction to Vascular Plants

© Bryan Kelly-McArthur  Email the photographer   (Photo ID #74744)

E-Flora BC Static Map
Distribution of Lithospermum ruderale
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Species Information

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General:
Perennial herb from a stout, woody taproot and branching stem-base; spreading stiff-hairy throughout but especially on the stem; stems 1 to several, clustered, more or less unbranched, 20-60 cm tall.
Leaves:
Numerous, all along the stem, lowermost reduced, others unstalked, lanceolate to linear, 3-10 cm long, 2-10 mm wide, entire, alternate.
Flowers:
Inflorescence of small clusters with leafy bracts, in the axils of upper leaves; flower stalks ascending in fruit; corollas pale yellow, often tinged with green, 8-13 mm long; petals fused at base into a 4-6-mm long tube that spreads (7-13 mm wide) to 5 entire lobes, the throat glandular within but lacking bulges.
Fruits:
Nutlets often 1-2, sometimes 4, clustered together, grey, smooth, shining, 3.5-6(8) mm long.

Source: The Illustrated Flora of British Columbia

USDA Species Characteristics

Flower Colour:
White
Blooming Period:
Late Spring
Fruit/Seed characteristics:
Colour: Brown
Present over the Summer
Source:  The USDA

Habitat / Range

Dry grasslands and shrublands in the steppe zone; common in S BC east of the Coast-Cascade Mountains; E to SW SK and S to CO and N CA.

Source: The Illustrated Flora of British Columbia

Ecology

Ecological Framework for Lithospermum ruderale

The table below shows the species-specific information calculated from
original data (BEC database) provided by the BC Ministry of Forests and Range.
(Updated August, 2013)

Site Information
Value / Class

Minimum

Average

Maximum

Elevation (metres) 170 841 1958
Slope Gradient (%) 0 26 360
Aspect (degrees)
[0 - N; 90 - E; 180 - S; 270 - W]
0 193 360
Soil Moisture Regime (SMR)
[0 - very xeric; 4 - mesic;
8 - hydric]
0 3 7
Modal Nutrient Regime
Class
C
Number of field plots
 species was recorded in:
1288
Modal BEC Zone Class
IDF
All BEC Zones (# of stations/zone) species was recorded in: BG(248), BWBS(2), ESSF(24), ICH(5), IDF(613), MS(39), PP(299), SBPS(1), SBS(3)

Climate

The climate type for this species, as reported in the: "British Columbia plant species codes and selected attributes. Version 6 Database" (Meidinger et al. 2008), is not evaluated, unknown or variable.

Synonyms and Alternate Names

Lithospermum pilosum Nutt.

Taxonomic and Nomenclatural Links

Additional Photo Sources

General References